Date: 27/04/2025

Geopolitics of data: How India’s digital independence fuels its semiconductor ambitions

The storage and handling of user data across borders by companies, such as U.S. firms storing Chinese user data or Chinese firms storing U.S. user data, is a significant factor in current geopolitical tensions and the push for tech sovereignty.


Countries view user data as a matter of national security. When a U.S. company like Google or Meta stores Chinese citizens' data, China fears potential surveillance or data sharing with U.S. authorities. Conversely, the U.S. is wary of Chinese companies like TikTok or Huawei collecting American user data, citing risks of data being shared with the Chinese government under China's National Intelligence Law. For example, the U.S. banned TikTok in 2024 unless ByteDance divests, driven by fears of data access by Beijing.

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